Solar PV Analysis of Tivat, Montenegro
The location at Tivat, Montenegro, which is situated in the Northern Temperate Zone, has varying potential for generating energy via solar PV throughout the year. In simpler terms, this means that how much electricity can be produced from sunlight varies depending on the season.
In summer and spring, you can expect to generate more electricity with 7.61 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per day and 5.77 kWh/day respectively for each kilowatt of installed solar power. This is because these seasons typically have longer daylight hours and higher sun intensity.
On the other hand, autumn and winter produce less electricity with 3.62 kWh/day and 2.05 kWh/day respectively due to shorter daylight hours and lower sun intensity.
Therefore, if you're planning to install a solar panel system in Tivat, it would be most effective during summer followed by spring as these times of year offer more sunlight for energy generation.
To maximize your total yearly production from your solar PV system at this location, it's recommended that you tilt your panels at an angle of 36 degrees towards South direction.This will allow them to capture as much sunlight as possible throughout different times of the year.
As far as environmental or weather factors are concerned that could impede solar production at this location; cloudy days or periods of heavy rainfall might reduce output since they limit the amount of sunlight reaching your panels. Also dust or snow accumulation on panels may hinder their performance so regular cleaning especially in dusty or snowy conditions would help ensure greater energy production.
In addition to regular cleaning practices; installing devices like snow guards could prevent snow buildup on panels while using durable materials resistant to local weather conditions could improve long term performance against elements such as wind storms or hail etc.
So overall while there are some challenges associated with seasonal changes & local weather conditions; careful planning including optimal panel placement & ongoing maintenance can help optimize a Solar PV installation for maximum energy production year-round at this location.
Note: The Northern Temperate Zone extends from 35° latitude North up to 66.5° latitude.
So far, we have conducted calculations to evaluate the solar photovoltaic (PV) potential in 9 locations across Montenegro. This analysis provides insights into each city/location's potential for harnessing solar energy through PV installations.
Link: Solar PV potential in Montenegro by location
Solar output per kW of installed solar PV by season in Tivat
Seasonal solar PV output for Latitude: 42.4347, Longitude: 18.6918 (Tivat, Montenegro), based on our analysis of 8760 hourly intervals of solar and meteorological data (one whole year) retrieved for that set of coordinates/location from NASA POWER (The Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources) API:
Ideally tilt fixed solar panels 36° South in Tivat, Montenegro
To maximize your solar PV system's energy output in Tivat, Montenegro (Lat/Long 42.4347, 18.6918) throughout the year, you should tilt your panels at an angle of 36° South for fixed panel installations.
As the Earth revolves around the Sun each year, the maximum angle of elevation of the Sun varies by +/- 23.45 degrees from its equinox elevation angle for a particular latitude. Finding the exact optimal angle to maximise solar PV production throughout the year can be challenging, but with careful consideration of historical solar energy and meteorological data for a certain location, it can be done precisely.
We use our own calculation, which incorporates NASA solar and meteorological data for the exact Lat/Long coordinates, to determine the ideal tilt angle of a solar panel that will yield maximum annual solar output. We calculate the optimal angle for each day of the year, taking into account its contribution to the yearly total PV potential at that specific location.
Seasonally adjusted solar panel tilt angles for Tivat, Montenegro
If you can adjust the tilt angle of your solar PV panels, please refer to the seasonal tilt angles below for optimal solar energy production in Tivat, Montenegro. As mentioned earlier, for fixed-panel solar PV installations, it is optimal to maintain a 36° South tilt angle throughout the year.
| Overall Best Summer Angle | Overall Best Autumn Angle | Overall Best Winter Angle | Overall Best Spring Angle |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26° South in Summer | 46° South in Autumn | 56° South in Winter | 35° South in Spring |
Our recommendations take into account more than just latitude and Earth's position in its elliptical orbit around the Sun. We also incorporate historical solar and meteorological data from NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) API to assign a weight to each ideal angle for each day based on its historical contribution to overall solar PV potential during a specific season.
This approach allows us to provide much more accurate recommendations than relying solely on latitude, as it considers unique weather conditions in different locations sharing the same latitude worldwide.
Calculate solar panel row spacing in Tivat, Montenegro
We've added a feature to calculate minimum solar panel row spacing by location. Enter your panel size and orientation below to get the minimum spacing in Tivat, Montenegro.
Our calculation method
- Solar Position:
We determine the Sun's position on the Winter solstice using the location's latitude and solar declination. - Shadow Projection:
We calculate the shadow length cast by panels using trigonometry, considering panel tilt and the Sun's elevation angle. - Minimum Spacing:
We add the shadow length to the horizontal space occupied by tilted panels.
This approach ensures maximum space efficiency while avoiding shading during critical times, as the Winter solstice represents the worst-case scenario for shadow length.
Topography for solar PV around Tivat, Montenegro
Tivat is located in the Bay of Kotor, on the Adriatic Sea, in southwestern Montenegro. The area around Tivat is characterized by a combination of coastal plains and rugged mountains. The city itself lies on flat terrain along the coast, while to the north and east it is surrounded by limestone mountains.
The region experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and mild wet winters, which makes it suitable for solar PV deployment. However, due to its mountainous topography, not all areas would be ideal for large-scale solar PV installations.
The most suitable locations for large-scale solar PV would likely be:
1) Coastal Plains: Flat areas along the coastline could potentially accommodate ground-mounted solar panels. These regions generally have less shading from nearby mountains compared to more inland locations.
2) Mountain Slopes Facing South: In mountainous regions like this one, south-facing slopes can provide good exposure to sunlight throughout the day. This could make them viable locations for installing solar panels if they are accessible and stable enough.
3) Rooftops: Given that space may be limited in this region due to its topography, utilizing rooftop space within Tivat or other nearby towns could also be an option for deploying smaller scale distributed solar PV systems.
However, any potential site would need detailed assessment considering factors such as accessibility (for installation and maintenance), stability of ground (especially important in mountainous areas), local weather patterns (to estimate actual energy yield), grid connectivity etc., before deciding on its suitability.
Citation Guide
Article Details for Citation
Author: Aaron Robinson
Publisher: profileSOLAR.com
First Published: Monday 15th of July 2024
Last Updated: Monday 21st of July 2025
Tell Us About Your Work
We love seeing how our research helps others! If you've cited this article in your work, we'd be delighted to hear about it. Drop us a line via our Contact Us page or on X, to share where you've used our information - we may feature a link to your work on our site. This helps create a network of valuable resources for others in the solar energy community and helps us understand how our research is contributing to the field. Plus, we occasionally highlight exceptional works that reference our research on our social media channels.
Feeling generous?
Share this with your friends!
Compare this location to others worldwide for solar PV potential
The solar PV analyses available on our website, including this one, are offered as a free service to the global community. Our aim is to provide education and aid informed decision-making regarding solar PV installations.
However, please note that these analyses are general guidance and may not meet specific project requirements. For in-depth, tailored forecasts and analysis crucial for feasibility studies or when pursuing maximum ROI from your solar projects, feel free to contact us; we offer comprehensive consulting services expressly for this purpose.
Helping you assess viability of solar PV for your site
Calculate Your Optimal Solar Panel Tilt Angle: A Comprehensive Guide
Enhance your solar panel's performance with our in-depth guide. Determine the best tilt angle using hard data, debunk common misunderstandings, and gain insight into how your specific location affects solar energy production.
